The complete guide of ECMAScript : Features and Overview

What is ECMA?

• ECMA stands for European Computer Manufacturer's Association.
• ECMAScript = ES
• Its a standard for scripting languages like well known JavaScript, ActionScript and JScript.
• JavaScript is one of the most popular implementation of ECMAScript standard.
• The core features of JavaScript are based on ECMAScript standard but also note that there are some features of JavaScript which are not part of ECMAScript.
• Javascript was originally created at Netscape, and they wanted to standardize the language. So, they submitted the language to the European Computer Manufacturer’s Association (ECMA) for standardization.
• Lets see the features of ECMAScript ES5 to ES10 edition.

ES5 Features:

• "use strict" mode
• String.trim()
• Array methods:
• isArray()
• forEach()
• filter()
• map()
• reduce()
• reduceRight()
• indexOf()
• lastIndexOf()
• every()
• some()
• stringify()
• parse()
• Date.now()
• Property Getters and Setters
• Syntactical Changes in ES5
• Property Access [] on strings
• Trailing Commas in Array and Object Literals
• Multiline String Literals
• Reserved words as property names
• New Object Property Methods
• Object.defineProperty()
• Object.defineProperties()
• Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor()
• Object.getOwnPropertyNames()
• Object.keys()
• Object.getPrototypeOf()
• Object.preventExtensions()
• Object.isExtensible()
• Object.seal()
• Object.isSealed()
• Object.freeze()
• Object.isFrozen()

ES6/ES2015 Features:

• let
• const
• fat arrow functions
• classes in JavaScript
• Default parameters values
• Array.find() method
• Array.findIndex() method
• Object literals
• String interpolation
• Destructuring
• Spread operator
• Spread+Object literals
• Rest
• for..of
• Unicode
• Modules and Module Loaders
• Set
• WeakSet
• Map
• WeakMap
• Proxies
• Symbols
• Inheritable built-ins
• Binary and Octal
• Promises
• Reflect
• Tail Call Optimization
• New methods and constants

ES7/ES2016 Features:

• Array.includes()
• Exponentiation operator (**)

ES8/ES2017 Features:

• Object.entries()
• Object.values()
• padStart()
• padEnd()
• async & await
• Trailing commas in function parameter lists and calls
• Shared memory and atomics

ES9/ES2018 Features:

• Lifting template literal restriction
• Asynchronous iterators
• Promise.finally()
• Unicode property escapes in regular expressions
• RegExp lookbehind assertions
• Object Rest/spread properties
• RegExp named capture groups